Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

Recent research suggests that anywhere from 5 to15 percent of adults suffer from restless legs syndrome, a condition characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, including creeping, tingling, cramping, burning, and pain that tend to worsen upon lying down. People with RLS may find it difficult to relax and fall asleep because of their strong urge to walk or move to relieve the sensations in their legs.

Although the cause is unknown, factors associated with RLS include:

• Family history

• Pregnancy

• Low iron or folate levels or anemia

• Chronic diseases, including kidney failure, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and peripheral neuropathy

• Caffeine intake

Treatment options for people with RLS include both behavioral and pharmacological approaches. Making lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet, avoiding caffeinated products and drinking alcohol in the evening, and practicing good sleep hygiene have been shown to help lessen the severity and impact of RLS symptoms. If an iron deficiency is identified as the cause of symptoms, iron supplements, vitamin B12, or folate (as indicated) may provide relief.

Recent studies demonstrate that RLS may be caused by dopamine deficiency, a key chemical messenger in the brain responsible for smooth, coordinated movement and other motor and cognitive functions. Some RLS patients have been found to respond positively to treatment.